Crypto
Bitcoin?
Bitcoin sign (Artur Widak/Getty Images)

Gemini: Nearly a third of bitcoin’s circulating supply is held by centralized entities

Major institutional and custodial entities hold over 6,145,000 bitcoin, worth more than $600 billion.

An eye-popping 30% of bitcoin’s circulating supply is concentrated in 216 centralized entities, “reflecting both expanding institutional adoption and deepening custodial centralization,” a new report from Gemini and Glassnode found.

BTC holdings
(Gemini)

The report notes that “the total Bitcoin held across major institutional and custodial entities has surged to 6,145,207 BTC, representing an increase of 924% in supply held by centralized entities over the past decade.”

Patrick Liou, a principal at Gemini, told Sherwood News that within that 30% figure, the two leading categories are centralized exchanges and ETFs/funds.

2025 has been the year of bitcoin treasuries, and Gemini expects growth in bitcoin adoption for public and private companies to be faster this year than ever. The report noted there are 101 public companies with bitcoin treasuries as of publication.

“The investment thesis of bitcoin is resonating with many of these companies, and the positive impacts on share price after bitcoin adoption make the argument even more compelling,” Liou said.

In addition to exchanges, ETFs, and public companies, other centralized members of the category include private companie­s and governments. The US is the largest sovereign holder, with 207,189 bitcoin.

An interesting data point is that “across nearly all institutional categories — excluding private companies — the top three entities control between 65% to 90% of total holdings.” 

This figure underscores the “dominance of early adopters in the Bitcoin treasury space,” according to the report, which adds that “pioneers have shaped the early trajectory of adoption.”

The overall concentration of assets among a few centralized entities is worrisome for some.

“When Satoshi first mined his first bitcoin, it is hard to imagine they would have liked a scenario in which not only bitcoin would be held in an ever-increasing number of centralized entities — but also by the very tradfi entities addressed in the Bitcoin Whitepaper,” Hadley Stern, chief commercial officer of Marinade, told Sherwood. 

Stern said bitcoin concentration is a concern among some market observers, especially as it pertains to companies using debt financing to accumulate bitcoin.

“The fear is that if there is significant enough market volatility, there could be some form of a margin call that then leads to a forced selling of large amounts of bitcoin and serious price implosion,” Stern added.

On the flip side, he concluded, this can all be viewed as part of a process of increasing bitcoin adoption, and the adoption of crypto assets more broadly.

More Crypto

See all Crypto
crypto

Hyperliquid reclaims all-time high

HYPE, the native token powering perpetuals exchange Hyperliquid and its underlying blockchain, rebounded to reclaim its all-time high previously set at the start of the month.

Treasury firms Hyperliquid Strategies and Hyperion DeFi have also rallied as the token increased double digits in the last 24 hours to trade as high as $76.70, rising past its record price set nearly two weeks ago, according to CoinGecko. In the interim between all-time highs, HYPE pulled back to around $53.

The token has several tailwinds, the first coming from ETF flows. Since their inception in May, HYPE ETFs have yet to record negative weekly outflows, posting a cumulative total net inflow of $171.8 million, per SoSoValue.

The second comes from Hyperliquid spending basically everything it earns in fees to buy HYPE, a mechanism embedded into the protocol’s codebase.

The venue’s buyback funding mechanism is set to add a new source of yield. Validators of the network activated “AQAv2,” which means stablecoin deployers will share about 90% of reserve yield revenue on their supply within the protocol.

Around $6.1 billion of Circle’s USDC resides in Hyperliquid, per DefiLlama. Accrual begins on August 26 and the first payment is made on October 3, the network announced in its Discord channel last week.

A substantial amount of capital is riding on different positions of HYPE. In total, a move down to under $53 would result in the liquidation nearly 1.8 million HYPE worth of leveraged long positions on the on-chain perps venue, or $131.7 million, data from CoinGlass shows. For the upside, a climb above $100 results in the liquidation of more than 3 million worth of leveraged HYPE short positions, or $221.5 million.

HYPE’s rebound to all-time high comes after Michael Selig, chair of the Commodity Futures Trading Commission, defended his agency’s decision to approve regulated perpetuals, or futures contracts without expiration dates, CNBC reported on Monday.

Last month, the CFTC approved bitcoin perpetual futures trading in the US through regulated prediction markets firm Kalshi and an affiliate of centralized exchange Coinbase.

“Perps are highly likely to become lightly regulated and thus approved in the US,” said David Pakman, head of venture investments at CoinFund.

“We expect to see perps for many different types of assets, from commodities to equities,” Pakman told Sherwood News.

crypto

Crypto market snaps back as sentiment lifts, with altcoins from ethereum to XRP soaring

The market capitalization of the crypto industry has jumped around $83.2 billion in the last 24 hours, with privacy-focused token Zcash and worldcoin, the native cryptocurrency of the network backed by OpenAI CEO Sam Altman, leading market gains, jumping over 22%.

But the last 24 hours have been good across the board:

Investors have been eager to see some positive signs around the Iranian conflict ending, coupled with hopeful outlooks around the CLARITY act, both breathing some life into assets, Kairos Research cofounder Ian Unsworth told Sherwood News.

Simon Shockey, a crypto strategist at crypto wallet infrastructure firm Privy, said the upswing stems from several things converging. He pointed to how alt markets broadly were very oversold following the bug found in Zcash that shook confidence.

Friday, Zcash founder Zooko Wilcox said Anthropic didn’t find any more serious bugs with the Zcash protocol after Shielded Labs requested the AI firm run a security audit of the network with Mythos.

Shockey added that the pool of willing sellers has dwindled. Even if structurally, AI is a much more compelling and asymmetric bet in the eyes of allocators, many of these crypto assets have simply run out of marginal sellers despite some shorter-term narrative-driven pumps. The only people left to sell at this point are the teams themselves and VCs.

Net-net: oversold conditions plus exhausted seller bases plus a macro backdrop thats stabilized equals a snapback, especially in names that have real usage or community conviction behind them,” Shockey told Sherwood.

Latest Stories

Sherwood Media, LLC and Chartr Limited produce fresh and unique perspectives on topical financial news and are fully owned subsidiaries of Robinhood Markets, Inc., and any views expressed here do not necessarily reflect the views of any other Robinhood affiliate, including Robinhood Markets, Inc., Robinhood Financial LLC, Robinhood Securities, LLC, Robinhood Crypto, LLC, Robinhood Money, LLC, Robinhood U.K. Ltd, Robinhood Derivatives, LLC, Robinhood Gold, LLC, Robinhood Asset Management, LLC, Robinhood Credit, Inc., Robinhood Ventures DE, LLC and, where applicable, its managed investment vehicles.