Markets
People walk past an advertisement feature Donald Trump with...
An advertisement featuring Donald Trump with bitcoin (May James/Getty Images)
PERPS

Crypto markets have good reason to go crazy again as perpetual futures go mainstream in the US

Institutions helped calm the crypto market, and are now helping to enhance volatility once again.

Luke Kawa, Sage D. Young

As bitcoin matured as an asset class, institutional adoption led to the cryptocurrency behaving more like other risky financial assets.

Now, the rising US popularity and institutional adoption of another financial innovation threatens to undo some of that progress by providing a vehicle where short-term volatility can quickly snowball, leading to a cascade of position closures.

At its most basic level, it’s the same old form of the most common reason for dramatic price swings: leverage.

The eyebrow-raising timing of the more than $1 billion in short positions initiated in bitcoin and ethereum (which came shortly before President Donald Trump announced his intention to impose a 100% tariff on Chinese imports above existing measures) is one thing. The manner in which this bet was made — through perpetual futures, which provided more than 10x leverage for this bet — is quite another.

Perpetual futures are indeed the hottest trade in crypto, as well documented by The Wall Street Journal, accounting for nearly 70% of bitcoin trading volume this year, per one estimate.

As the name implies, these are futures contracts that never expire. In order to keep prices close to what the underlying asset says they “should” be, the holders of long contracts pay their counterparts who are short a “funding rate” periodically if the price is above the spot price, or vice versa if below.

The amount of leverage on offer for those utilizing these products is eye-popping. BitMEX, for instance, advertises up to 250x leverage on its perpetual futures contracts.

Leverage means you can make or lose a lot of money quickly. In the aftermath of Trump’s plan to hike tariffs on China, it was more of the latter. Per CoinGlass, total liquidations across the crypto space in a 24-hour span were north of $19 billion on Friday evening, making this the top liquidation event of all time.

The rise of long-term oriented holders of cryptocurrencies in corporate treasuries and structure option-selling programs had helped calm bitcoin volatility (compared to that of stocks) significantly since the depths of its bear market in 2018.

Institutional adoption giveth, and other institutional innovation taketh away. Coinbase, for instance, launched US perpetual-style futures in July, an announcement that seemingly kickstarted a wave of American interest in the asset class.

(Robinhood is among the institutions that offer access to trading perpetual futures in Europe. Robinhood Markets Inc. is the parent company of Sherwood Media, an independently operated media company subject to certain legal and regulatory restrictions.)

If there’s one thing that I think describes modern trading psychology, it’s an extreme search for asymmetry. People (especially younger people, of which I once was) flock toward opportunities to make a lot of money quickly, whether that’s through options, parlays, or, in this case, perpetual futures.

This episode underscores one obvious truth regarding asymmetry: the vehicles that are seemingly the most conducive to multiplying your principal many times over are also the ones most likely to see it zero’d.

More Markets

See all Markets
markets

Rocket Lab dives on new delay for Neutron

Shares of retail favorite Rocket Lab plunged Friday after the company pushed back plans for the first launch of its bigger Neutron rocket to the fourth quarter of 2026.

Neutron was originally set launch in late 2025. That plan was scrapped in November, with the new target date set broadly for the middle of 2026.

As CEO Peter Beck laid out for Sherwood in an interview, Neutron is the cornerstone of the money-losing company’s plans to leap to profitability, as it will enable Rocket Lab to enter the market for larger, and more lucrative, payload launches. That market is currently dominated by Elon Musk’s SpaceX.

In January, one of Neutron’s fuel tanks ruptured during a test, necessitating construction of another, as well as some design changes. During the company’s post earnings conference call last night, Beck told analysts Neutron’s first launch is now expected during the fourth quarter of 2026.

“Neutron is still scheduled to come to market in an incredibly aggressive timeframe,” Beck said.

Judging by the stumble for the shares, which by around 1:30 p.m. ET were on track for their worst drop since last fall, investors are not buoyed by those assurances.

As CEO Peter Beck laid out for Sherwood in an interview, Neutron is the cornerstone of the money-losing company’s plans to leap to profitability, as it will enable Rocket Lab to enter the market for larger, and more lucrative, payload launches. That market is currently dominated by Elon Musk’s SpaceX.

In January, one of Neutron’s fuel tanks ruptured during a test, necessitating construction of another, as well as some design changes. During the company’s post earnings conference call last night, Beck told analysts Neutron’s first launch is now expected during the fourth quarter of 2026.

“Neutron is still scheduled to come to market in an incredibly aggressive timeframe,” Beck said.

Judging by the stumble for the shares, which by around 1:30 p.m. ET were on track for their worst drop since last fall, investors are not buoyed by those assurances.

markets

Dorsey swings the axe at Block in “extreme step” to “replace human labor with compute power”

The market clearly loves it. Jack Dorsey’s decision to axe some 4,000 workers has kicked off what is on track to be Block’s best day in the stock market in over three years.

The takeaways from analysts who have followed the stock — down about 80% from its August 2021 peak — are a bit more nuanced:

Evercore ISI: “Mgmt is explicitly redesigning Block as an AI-native organization — embedding automation and efficiency tools across product development, underwriting, operations, and customer interfaces. The financial implications are significant: FY26 Adjusted Operating Income guidance of $3.2B (26% margin) sits materially above mgmt’s prior expectations at the Investor Day just a few months ago, signaling confidence that AI-driven efficiencies can expand margins structurally while sustaining or potentially accelerating product velocity.”

Morgan Stanley: “Cutting 40% of employees (to ~6,000 from ~10,000) encapsulates XYZ’s undertaking that it is now prepared to replace human labor with compute power. We certainly view it as an audacious move by the management, but one that is not without preparation... The reduced headcount should now drive a marked improvement in the gross profit/employee metric, which we expect will justify expanded valuation premium.”

Piper Sandler: “Dorsey characterized the move as a proactive step to make way for AI related productivity gains. The cost saves from lower headcount drive a $500M increase in Block’s Adjusted EBIT guidance for 2026 — now $3.2B vs. $2.7B at investor day just 3 months ago. Bottom line, while the right sizing from XYZ is being well received by investors and should boost short-term profitability, it seems like an extreme step, and we remain skeptical of XYZs longer term growth profile.”

Citi: “Several times during the Q&A, the sell side probed management’s comfort with carrying out the major headcount reduction in parallel with more extensive and more effective GenAI use over a roughly two quarter timespan. On the one hand, Block seemed confident in the organization’s ability to adapt and rise to the challenge, but on the other hand, we are aware that a 40% reduction in heads should generate many empty seats. While we believe it more likely for XYZ to succeed here, we think that more reassurance can surface should XYZ continue to do as they plan.”

RBC Capital: “The main question from investors thus far — is this just legacy bloat or real AI enhancements — only time will tell, but it feels like a combination of both... While AI efficiencies no doubt played a key role in a reduction in force of this magnitude, we also believe XYZ was moving in a direction to materially shrink the organization.”

Evercore ISI: “Mgmt is explicitly redesigning Block as an AI-native organization — embedding automation and efficiency tools across product development, underwriting, operations, and customer interfaces. The financial implications are significant: FY26 Adjusted Operating Income guidance of $3.2B (26% margin) sits materially above mgmt’s prior expectations at the Investor Day just a few months ago, signaling confidence that AI-driven efficiencies can expand margins structurally while sustaining or potentially accelerating product velocity.”

Morgan Stanley: “Cutting 40% of employees (to ~6,000 from ~10,000) encapsulates XYZ’s undertaking that it is now prepared to replace human labor with compute power. We certainly view it as an audacious move by the management, but one that is not without preparation... The reduced headcount should now drive a marked improvement in the gross profit/employee metric, which we expect will justify expanded valuation premium.”

Piper Sandler: “Dorsey characterized the move as a proactive step to make way for AI related productivity gains. The cost saves from lower headcount drive a $500M increase in Block’s Adjusted EBIT guidance for 2026 — now $3.2B vs. $2.7B at investor day just 3 months ago. Bottom line, while the right sizing from XYZ is being well received by investors and should boost short-term profitability, it seems like an extreme step, and we remain skeptical of XYZs longer term growth profile.”

Citi: “Several times during the Q&A, the sell side probed management’s comfort with carrying out the major headcount reduction in parallel with more extensive and more effective GenAI use over a roughly two quarter timespan. On the one hand, Block seemed confident in the organization’s ability to adapt and rise to the challenge, but on the other hand, we are aware that a 40% reduction in heads should generate many empty seats. While we believe it more likely for XYZ to succeed here, we think that more reassurance can surface should XYZ continue to do as they plan.”

RBC Capital: “The main question from investors thus far — is this just legacy bloat or real AI enhancements — only time will tell, but it feels like a combination of both... While AI efficiencies no doubt played a key role in a reduction in force of this magnitude, we also believe XYZ was moving in a direction to materially shrink the organization.”

markets

The return of AI credit risk is crushing data center stocks, tipping over other speculative trades in the process

The upstarts participating in the disruptive industry of today as well as the speculative trades that mark the industries of the future are getting crushed on Friday.

It’s a sign of the creeping investor revolt against the capex binge.

The poster child for the move is CoreWeave, which is sinking after reporting Q4 capex figures that were larger than expected along with a 2026 investment budget that also surprised to the upside.

Neoclouds and data center companies like Nebius, IREN, Applied Digital, and Cipher Mining are also getting whacked. So too are the quantum computing companies: IonQ, D-Wave Quantum, Rigetti Computing, and Infleqtion.

What’s the common link between these two things?

Well, as we’ve discussed, speculative stocks tend to have common owners and trade in a relatively correlated fashion. And once again, this simultaneous swoon is coinciding with a perceived escalation in AI credit risk.

These smaller AI companies that have effectively bet their existence on this boom and the willingness of capital markets to fund their expansion plans would have the most to lose if either demand or access to credit shrinks. And, of course, the latter would impact other companies in nascent industries that need capital to grow.

The private credit industry, which has been broadly overweight software companies in their lending activities, is coming under severe pressure as those firms face competition from AI tools.

Block’s job cuts, regardless of any previous mismanagement CEO Jack Dorsey is willing to cop to, will do little to allay fears that software executives may take dramatic actions to grapple with the impacts of this emergent technology.

Meanwhile, the source of that disruption — AI — is also continuing to suck in a lot of capital without much in the way of returns. It feels like the credit market simultaneously doesn’t want to fund software because of the AI disruption threat and doesn’t want to fund upstart AI firms because of the lack of visibility into free cash flow generation. Not great, Bob!

Oracle, the large-cap stock most used as a barometer for AI credit risk, enjoyed a sharp improvement in its perceived creditworthiness after management said on February 1 that about half their funding needs this year would come from equity, rather than fully from debt. Now, its five-year credit default swap spreads are poised to close at their widest level since 2009.

markets

Netflix loses the war for Warner Bros., Wall Street sees a win

Netflix opened sharply higher Friday, after it withdrew from the takeover battle for Warner Bros. Discovery, ceding the ground to Paramount Skydance.

You don’t have to be much of a market sleuth to see that Wall Street never liked the idea of Netflix scooping up the assemblage of media and movie properties for a whooping $83 billion price tag.

The stock slumped both on the day Netflix submitted a bid and the day it entered into an acquisition agreement with Warner Bros.

Now, on the back of Netflix declining to raise its bid and dropping out of the race to acquire Warner Bros., the streaming platform’s shares are having their best day since the market’s bounce back from the April tariff tantrum.

Driving the gains are what HSBC analysts call its “graceful exit” from the WBD brouhaha:

“A positive turn of events in our view, as we believe NFLX’s withdrawal from the race will leave it free to refocus on its business, while its closest competitors grapple with long and distracting regulatory approval and merger integration processes, and with Paramount Skydance saddled with sizable deal debts. And one must not forget the $2.8 bllion breakup fee (around 20% of NFLX 2026 estimated EPS) that NFLX will now be owed from WBD for choosing to go with another suitor.”

You don’t have to be much of a market sleuth to see that Wall Street never liked the idea of Netflix scooping up the assemblage of media and movie properties for a whooping $83 billion price tag.

The stock slumped both on the day Netflix submitted a bid and the day it entered into an acquisition agreement with Warner Bros.

Now, on the back of Netflix declining to raise its bid and dropping out of the race to acquire Warner Bros., the streaming platform’s shares are having their best day since the market’s bounce back from the April tariff tantrum.

Driving the gains are what HSBC analysts call its “graceful exit” from the WBD brouhaha:

“A positive turn of events in our view, as we believe NFLX’s withdrawal from the race will leave it free to refocus on its business, while its closest competitors grapple with long and distracting regulatory approval and merger integration processes, and with Paramount Skydance saddled with sizable deal debts. And one must not forget the $2.8 bllion breakup fee (around 20% of NFLX 2026 estimated EPS) that NFLX will now be owed from WBD for choosing to go with another suitor.”

markets

OpenAI secures blockbuster $110 billion funding round valuing company at $730 billion

OpenAI has finalized a blockbuster $110 billion funding round, which values the company at $730 billion, not including the money raised.

Per the ChatGPT maker’s announcement, this investment includes $50 billion from Amazon, $30 billion from SoftBank, and $30 billion from Nvidia.

In a separate press release, OpenAI detailed the startup’s new multiyear partnership with Amazon, in which the tech giant will initially invest $15 billion then $35 billion in the coming months when “certain conditions are met,” reportedly when OpenAI goes public or achieves building “artificial general intelligence.” Beyond serving as the exclusive third-party cloud distribution provider for OpenAI Frontier, AWS is also expanding its existing $38 billion agreement with the ChatGPT maker to $100 billion over eight years, with OpenAI committing to consume ~2 gigawatts of AWS’s Trainium capacity.

In a separate press release, OpenAI detailed the startup’s new multiyear partnership with Amazon, in which the tech giant will initially invest $15 billion then $35 billion in the coming months when “certain conditions are met,” reportedly when OpenAI goes public or achieves building “artificial general intelligence.” Beyond serving as the exclusive third-party cloud distribution provider for OpenAI Frontier, AWS is also expanding its existing $38 billion agreement with the ChatGPT maker to $100 billion over eight years, with OpenAI committing to consume ~2 gigawatts of AWS’s Trainium capacity.

Latest Stories

Sherwood Media, LLC produces fresh and unique perspectives on topical financial news and is a fully owned subsidiary of Robinhood Markets, Inc., and any views expressed here do not necessarily reflect the views of any other Robinhood affiliate, including Robinhood Markets, Inc., Robinhood Financial LLC, Robinhood Securities, LLC, Robinhood Crypto, LLC, or Robinhood Money, LLC.